What aspect of dead reckoning requires continuous adjustment?

In dead reckoning navigation, continuous adjustment is primarily necessary for the calculated heading and position. This method involves predicting one's current position based on a previously known position, while accounting for factors such as speed, time, and course direction. However, environmental factors like wind, current, or variations in terrain can influence the actual trajectory of the aircraft.

As the flight progresses, it is essential to regularly update the calculated heading and position to ensure accuracy. For instance, if wind conditions cause the aircraft to drift off course, the pilot must adjust the heading to counteract this drift and maintain the intended flight path. By continuously refining the heading and recalculating the position based on real-time data, pilots can effectively navigate to their destination.

While the fuel consumption rate, estimated time of arrival, and aircraft's speed limit are important parameters to monitor during a flight, they do not require the same level of continuous adjustment influenced by real-time navigation and environmental factors as the calculated heading and position do.