What does the term 'magnetic variation' refer to?

The term 'magnetic variation' specifically refers to the angular difference between true north (geographic north) and magnetic north (the direction a magnetic compass points). This variation is crucial for navigation, especially in aviation, as pilots and navigators must account for this difference when interpreting compass headings. The Earth's magnetic field is not aligned with its axis of rotation, leading to differences in heading that can vary from one location to another and can change over time due to shifts in the Earth's magnetic field. Knowing the magnetic variation is essential for accurate navigation, allowing pilots to adjust their compass readings to ensure they are heading in the intended direction. Understanding this concept is key for effective navigation practice.