What is the relationship between true north and magnetic north?

The angle between true north and magnetic north is known as magnetic variation, which is a critical concept for navigators. True north refers to the direction along the Earth's surface towards the North Pole, while magnetic north is the direction that a magnetic compass points, which is influenced by the Earth's magnetic field. This difference in direction is not constant and can vary depending on location. Understanding magnetic variation is essential for accurate navigation and flight planning, as pilots must account for this discrepancy when using magnetic headings to ensure they are following the intended ground track.

The other options touch on aspects of navigation but do not accurately describe the fundamental relationship between true north and magnetic north. Recognizing the importance of magnetic variation is essential for both flight and ground navigation.