Which satellite-based system provides accurate location and time information regardless of weather conditions?

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is the correct answer because it utilizes a constellation of satellites that orbit the Earth, providing precise location and time information to users worldwide. One of the key advantages of GPS is its ability to function effectively in various weather conditions, as the signals transmitted from the satellites are not significantly affected by atmospheric conditions such as clouds or precipitation. This reliability makes GPS an essential tool for navigation in aviation, enabling pilots to determine their position with high accuracy regardless of external environmental factors.

In contrast, other systems listed, such as the Aviator Tracking System, are primarily focused on tracking aircraft rather than providing direct location and time information on their own. The Automated Weather Observing System, while crucial for providing weather data, does not influence positioning or timing. The Aeronautical Positioning Service might offer location services, but it may not guarantee the same level of accuracy and reliability universally as the GPS does. This is what sets the Global Positioning System apart as the standard for precise location and time determination across various conditions.